Hydrologic science: Hydrology as a fundamental science

Fundamental Ideas of Computer Science

data type. Horizontal criterion: Used in all forms of specifying objects that stress operations and their properties without relating to an implementation. Vertical criterion: (P) The natural numbers may be defined as an abstract data type with constants 1 and operations +1 and -1. The same holds for the blocks world: On a table there is a number of blocks that may be piled up. Operations are p...

Computational provenance in hydrologic science: a snow mapping example.

Computational provenance--a record of the antecedents and processing history of digital information--is key to properly documenting computer-based scientific research. To support investigations in hydrologic science, we produce the daily fractional snow-covered area from NASA's moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS). From the MODIS reflectance data in seven wavelengths, we estima...

Worldview Theory and Science Education Research: Fundamental Epistemological Structure as a Critical Factor in Science Learning and Attitude Development

Some of the most interesting work currently being done in science education research is with scientifically misconceived ideas about the causes and mechanisms of natural phenomena, or as it is more simply referred to, misconception research. This type of research can be dated as early as the sixties (see Kuethe, 1963; Boyd, 1966); but it came into its own with the 1983 and 1987 international sy...

Demography as social science and policy science

As Science Evolves, How Can Science Policy?

Getting science policy right is a core objective of government that bears on scientific advance, economic growth, health, and longevity. Yet the process of science is changing. As science advances and knowledge accumulates, ensuing generations of innovators spend longer in training and become more narrowly expert, shifting key innovations (i) later in the life cycle and (ii) from solo researche...